1. Enlightment--Karthik.G
2. Impact of the 7 years war on N.America-- Karthik .G
-After the war between England and French which England won they took over N.America and established high taxes on them which the colonist their couldn't pay, so the started to dislike the English Govt.
-With that they started to rebel against in acts such as the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshed Act, and Boston Tea Party Act
-They both went into war called the French and Indian War which the colonist had advantages of.
- Although both England and the colonist had their advantages the colonists had help from the French, Spain, Netherlands, and Netherlands
- With the help of their allies and George Washington they were able to beat the British and gain independence
3. Causes of the French Revolution (National Assembly)
5.Napoleon's Rise to Power--Darby Shepard
6. French Revolution's influence on Haiti &Latin America :Adhithi Baskar
- Slaves in the French Colony of Saint- Domingue rose against their overland and established the independent Republic of Haiti
- Euro-American Leaders mounted independence movement in Central America and South America
7.Enlightenment thinking behind freedom of Slaves and Liberation of Women: Adhithi Baskar
- It guaranteed political and legal rights to white men, social reformer sought to extend these rights to women and slaves of African ancestry.
- All European and Euro- American State abolish slavery, but former slaves and their descendants remained underprivileged and often oppressed class in most of the Atlantic World
- Quest of women's rights also proceeded slowly during 19th century
8. Nationalism by: Bishrab Sen
9. Components of the Congress of Vienna by: Bishrab Sen
- A period of time where people demanded change in their government and administrative techniques
- The biggest that came out of this revolution was popular sovereignty which said that people should rule not people who are wealth or rich
- John Locke was the main thinker during this time; believed in common sense
- Voltaire was the father of the Enlightment
- These people were not people of high class mostly ordinary people with not too much wealth
- These people were the ones most effected by the old tradition which led them to this social reform
3. Cause of French Revolution (National Assembly) -- Vivi Uppaluru - altered role of church in French society by seizing church lands, abolishing the first estate, defining clergy as civilians, and requiring clergy to take an oath of loyalty to the state.
- Sought for Political and social reform
2. Impact of the 7 years war on N.America-- Karthik .G
-After the war between England and French which England won they took over N.America and established high taxes on them which the colonist their couldn't pay, so the started to dislike the English Govt.
-With that they started to rebel against in acts such as the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshed Act, and Boston Tea Party Act
-They both went into war called the French and Indian War which the colonist had advantages of.
- Although both England and the colonist had their advantages the colonists had help from the French, Spain, Netherlands, and Netherlands
- With the help of their allies and George Washington they were able to beat the British and gain independence
3. Causes of the French Revolution (National Assembly)
- Aristocrats protested and forced Louis to summon the Estates General, an assembly that represented the entire French population through groups known as estates.
- fiscal problems put France on the road to revolution
- representatives of the third estate seceded from the estates general
- They called themselves those National assembly
- With a lot of support from people, National Assembly undertook a broad program of political and social reform
- The Declaration of the Right of Man and the Citizen, articulated the guiding principles of the program
- The Declaration of the Right of Man and the Citizen proclaimed the equality of all men, declared that sovereignty resided in the people, and asserted individual rights to Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
- Assembly abolished feudal system along with the many fees and labor services that peasants owed to their landlords.
- altered role of church in French society by seizing church lands, abolishing the first estate, defining clergy as civilians, and requiring clergy to take an oath of loyalty to the state.
- France became a constitutional monarchy in which men of property -half of adult male population- had the right to vote in elections to choose legislators.
- This all represented an effort to put Enlightenment political thought into practice
- The Convention, a new legislative body elected by universal male suffrage, which abolished the monarchy and proclaimed France a republic.
- Maximilian Robertspierre and the radical Jacobin party dominated the Convention.
- Jacobins believed that France needed reconstructing so they unleashed a campaign of terror to promote their revolutionary agenda.
- Made frequent use of the guillotine
- promoted a new “cult of reason” as a secular alternative to Christianity
- Also proclaimed a new historical era with Year 1, which began establishment of French Republic
- granted increased rights to women by permitting them to inherit property and divorce husbands, although they did not allow women to vote or participate in public affairs.
- a group of conservative men of property then seized power and ruled France under a new institution known as the Directory
- members of the directory were unable to resolve economic and military problems that plagued revolutionary France
- In seeking a middle way between the ancien regime and radical revolution, they lurched from one policy to another, and the Directory faced constant challenges to its authority
- came to end when Napoleon Bonaparte seized power
5.Napoleon's Rise to Power--Darby Shepard
- Napoleon started off joining the military under King Louis XIV
- After being promoted to a general, his life started to kick into gear
- After overthrowing the Directory, he named himself first consul
- Soon, first consul became emperor
- Under his reign, Napoleon brought political stability to the region through the Concordat and the Civil Code
6. French Revolution's influence on Haiti &Latin America :Adhithi Baskar
- Slaves in the French Colony of Saint- Domingue rose against their overland and established the independent Republic of Haiti
- Euro-American Leaders mounted independence movement in Central America and South America
7.Enlightenment thinking behind freedom of Slaves and Liberation of Women: Adhithi Baskar
- It guaranteed political and legal rights to white men, social reformer sought to extend these rights to women and slaves of African ancestry.
- All European and Euro- American State abolish slavery, but former slaves and their descendants remained underprivileged and often oppressed class in most of the Atlantic World
- Quest of women's rights also proceeded slowly during 19th century
8. Nationalism by: Bishrab Sen
- Nationalism leads to establishment of states for national communities
- Minorities like the Jews are persecuted by nationalistic leaders
- Zionism is the idea of establishing a state for Jews in Palestine.
9. Components of the Congress of Vienna by: Bishrab Sen
- The main point of the Congress was to balance power in Europe and to prevent revolution
- Revolution could not be prevented due to nationalism and popular sovereignty
- Balance of power ended when World War I started